The charging system of the car
So how does the generator charge the battery? In the automobile electrical system, the generator and the battery are in parallel, when the generator is working normally, the voltage it sends out is generally between 13.5~14.5 volts, higher than the 12 volts of the battery, in this case, the battery is in the form of load, equivalent to the generator to power the battery, that is, the generator to charge the battery.
So how does electricity get stored in a battery? When the battery is charging, under the action of the external power supply, a large number of electrons return from the positive plate to the negative plate, so that the lead sulfate on the plate is reduced to pure lead and lead dioxide, and the sulfate root is combined with the hydrogen root of the water molecule to generate sulfuric acid, which is equivalent to converting electrical energy into chemical energy stored in the battery. When all the lead sulfate is reduced to pure lead and lead dioxide, the battery is fully charged. If the charge continues at this point, the electricity will split the water, creating hydrogen and oxygen. Sometimes a battery will "bubble" when it is recharged, when electrolyzed hydrogen and oxygen escape. In the process of charging, due to more and more sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, the density of the electrolyte is gradually increasing, the more sufficient charging, the higher the density of the electrolyte; When all the lead sulfate on the plate was converted, the density of the electrolyte reached the highest value.
