According to their application domains, lithium-ion batteries are categorised as energy storage, power, and consumer batteries. Energy storage batteries are significant energy systems that enable the energy internet and cover communication energy storage, electric power storage, distributed energy systems, and so on. Power batteries are mostly utilized in the power industry, and they serve markets such as new energy cars, engineering equipment such as electric forklifts, and electric ships, among others. Consumer batteries are used in a variety of consumer and industrial applications, such as smart meters, smart security, smart transportation, the Internet of Things, smart clothing, power tools, and so on, and are one of the major energy components supporting the Internet of Everything. According to the "2021 China Lithium Industry Development Index White Paper" recently released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's Sadie Research Institute, the market size of China's lithium battery will reach 324 GWh in 2021, four times that of 2017, and China will become the world's largest lithium battery consumer market for the fifth consecutive year.
